<p>The Larkin House, located at 464 Calle Principal, Monterey, California, was built in 1835 by Thomas O. Larkin. It is claimed that the house was the first two-story house in all of California, and that it was the first house with a fireplace in Monterey. The design combined Spanish Colonial building methods with New England architectural features and originated the popular Monterey Colonial style of architecture. The Larkin House is both a National and a California Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1832 Thomas O. Larkin joined his half-brother John B. R. Cooper in business. Larkin became the most influential American in Monterey, capital of Alta California. He served as the only United States consul to Mexico in Monterey. Monterey expanded beyond the old Spanish Presidio walls. Many leading citizens built their large houses using white wash, sun-dried adobe bricks.</p><br>
<p>The Larkin House was designated as a California Historical Landmark in 1933.</p><br>
<p>Devils Punch Bowl is a 37-metre ribbon waterfall on the Niagara Escarpment, in the Stoney Creek community of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It is found in the Devils Punchbowl Conservation Area, maintained by the Hamilton Conservation Authority, and features an escarpment access trail with connections to a recently improved section of the Bruce Trail. Stoney Creek&#39;s Dofasco 2000 Trail is nearby. The Punch Bowl is also known as Horseshoe Falls for the distinctive shape of the cliff-face, which somewhat resembles its much larger cousin.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the 800 km-long Bruce Trail, nearby attractions include the historic Battlefield House Museum and Nash-Jackson House; on Lake Ontario, Fifty Point Conservation Area and Confederation Park; and Mohawk Sports Park and the Hamilton Museum of Steam & Technology in the city proper. There&#39;s also a convenience store, restaurant, motel, gas station and retail stores nearby.</p><br>
<p>Lower Punch Bowl Falls is a curtain waterfall located a few metres north of the Punch Bowl, spanning 7 metres in height and width.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the Devil’s Punch Bowl dates back to over 450 million years ago. It was formed throughout the years by many glacial waters; it withholds different layers of colourful stratified rock segments. The falls drops about 108.25 feet. Another monument that is considered part of the Devil’s Punch Bowl is the ten-metre high cross that overlooks the Stoney Creek community and Hamilton Harbour. This cross was made in December 18, 1966 by William Sinclair (1925-1994). He built the cross to bring light to the community. Originally the cross was only planned on being lit up during Christmas and Easter for six weeks. However, with the help of the donations from the Knights of Columbus the cross lights up automatically every night. There are numerous stories surrounding in how Devil’s Punch Bowl got its name, some individuals believe that God would not want his creation named after him instead, he named it after the "devil." Another assumption states that moonshiners set up their wares on the road leading up to the Punch Bowl, when the workers got thirsty they would go up to the falls to get some cold water. The moonshiners were viewed as individuals that did "devil’s work" giving the monument its current name today.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Devil’s Punch Bowl originated 450 million years ago when materials that form the Niagara escarpment were originally deposited in an inland sea. Corals and other organisms that lived in the area became fossilized as the sea bottom deposits changed into rocks.</p><br>
<p>The formation of the Devil’s Punch Bowl occurred 1 million years ago after one of the four great ice ages. As the ice slabs that covered the area melted at the end of the ice age, high levels of water occurred. These streams of fast moving waters carved out the land and formed what would become the Devil’s Punch Bowl.</p><br>
<p>Formation of the Devil’s Punch Bowl has declined since its original formation; it often dries up or is only a trickle. However, the stream still picks up during rain and as snow is melting. The site also has two distinct waterfalls in the upper and lower regions.</p><br>
<p>Today it has become a famous landmark amongst geologists worldwide because of its exposed rock strata. The stratigraphy of the Punch Bowl has been studied by geologists, including McMaster University students.</p><br>
<p>From the top of the escarpment a beautiful view of various locations can be seen such as; East Hamilton, Burlington, Stoney Creek and weather permitting, the Toronto sky line can become visible as well.</p><br>
<p>The geology of the upper and lower falls was described in the popular Toronto blog "Hiking the GTA" in Dec. 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Entertainment</h2><br>
<p>The Devils Punch Bowl has been an ideal spot for various movies, television shows, and attractions. The 2006 movie Silent Hill, directed by Christophe Gans, opens with a young girl trying to jump off a cliff into a dark world of "fire and metal." This cliff was the edge of the actual Devil’s Punch Bowl overlooking the waterfall and rock bottom below. Her mother then saves her from jumping and the director cuts to a clip of them beside the falls with the "Keeper of the Cross" image in the background of the scene. In the blockbuster film, The Big Hit (1998), scenes filmed in the area highlight the waterfall and the surrounding area. In 1989 Super Dave Osborne performed a yo-yo stunt at the Devil’s Punch Bowl that had his fans talking for weeks.</p><br>
<p>The Guernsey County Courthouse is located on USA Route 40 in Cambridge, Ohio. The property was listed on the National Register on 1973-07-16.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Guernsey County was formed in 1810 and the county constructed its courthouse on Public Square in Cambridge. The courthouse was a Greek Revival style building with red brick facade. Two large double doors were located at the north and south ends and long rectangular windows with dark shutters lined the sides. A large spire stood eighty-seven feet tall with a cupola capped by a weathervane shaped like a fish. This courthouse lasted for seventy more years.</p><br>
<p>Need for a second courthouse became apparent as the county grew in population. The city of Cambridge contracted Joseph W. Yost to design and build the new courthouse. Yost designed the courthouse in the popular Second Empire style. During this time, Old Washington petitioned to be granted the county seat claiming that they were more central. This petition failed and the foundation to the second courthouse was laid in 1881, with the cornerstone bearing the date August 4, 1881. The building was dedicated on 1883-09-11.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The exterior is of fine sandstone block with a hipped roof and mansard-roofed towers. Stairs lead to main entrance and is covered by a small balcony. A statue of Justice stands in the broken pediment on the southern face, below the statue is a fan shaped stone bearing the date 1881. A central tower rises from the center of the building and houses a four faced clock and consists of louvered arch openings.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is surrounded by various memorials to soldiers from the county in the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, and Operation Desert Storm. The most prominent is the Civil War Monument.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson County Courthouse is located at 301 Market Street in Steubenville, Ohio. It is the original courthouse constructed for Jefferson County. It was constructed in 1871 through 1874 by Heard & Blythe architectural firm.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was originally designed and built with four floors, high arched windows with hood-moulds and keystones, sectional Corinthian columns, and a flight of stairs to each entrance. Above the entrances are high Corinthian columns supporting a pediment. The main entrance has Justice standing on the peak of the pediment. The mansard roof contained dormer windows with a central tower capped with a mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>The sandstone building is severely discolored due to the polluted air from the surrounding steel factories and heavy traffic. In 1950 during a ferocious snowstorm, the top floor collapsed, destroying the ornate roof and tower. Instead of reconstructing the mansard roof and tower, the county officials decided to keep the roof flat.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse stands diagonal from the site of Fort Steuben. A plaque to the left of the main entrance is in memoriam to the USS Maine (ACR-1) and is made from metal recovered from the ship. In front of the courthouse is a statue of Stuebenville native Edwin McMasters Stanton, United States Secretary of War to President Abraham Lincoln.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>County Courthouses of Ohio by Susan W. Thrane</p><br>
<p>The Harrison County Courthouse in Cadiz, Ohio, United States, was constructed during 1893 to 1895 by Joseph W. Yost. The courthouse mirrors others of his design, with large arched windows and a central clock tower domed and topped with a statue of Justice. The porches to the entrances are covered with a balcony. The building&#39;s corners are partially separate structures topped with mansard roofs, while post and lintel structures, topped with pediments, are placed on each side of the corner structures. The entire exterior is constructed of stone.</p><br>
<p>After the building was constructed, a mechanic&#39;s lien was filed by the Greer family to prevent the county from taking possession of the property. The issue was finally resolved and the county officials moved in. Like other courthouses, the Harrison County courthouse fell into disrepair. In 1993, the courthouse saw renovations of the premises, including an elevator, replacement of the roof, dome, and stairs, as well as other much needed repairs.</p><br>
<p>The Antietam Avenue Bridge was located where Antietam Avenue passed over the Dequindre Cut  in Detroit, Michigan. It has been demolished due to structural deficiencies and will be reconstructed. The original bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the 1920s, there were over 400 industries operating on Detroits east side. However, the combination of the citys haphazard streetplan, the expansion of large factories, and the substantial network of rail tracks conspired to slow traffic within the city, particularly in the east-west direction. In 1923, the city of Detroit and Grand Trunk Western Railroad began a plan to build 22 grade separations; both parties agreed to share the cost.</p><br>
<p>One of the tracks to be regraded was the line paralleling St. Aubin. These tracks ran from the northwest, where they connected with a network of other lines, to the southeast, where the tracks turned to parallel the river and supplied a number of large factories, including the Detroit-Michigan Stove Plant, the United States Rubber Company Plant, and the Parke-Davis Laboratories. The tracks terminated at the Brush Street Depot in downtown Detroit.</p><br>
<p>By March 1930, sixteen of the crossings of what now is known as the "Dequindre Cut" were finished, including the nearby Chestnut Street Bridge. The bridge at Antietam Avenue was completed soon thereafter. In 1964, the Antietam Avenue Bridge and the Chestnut Street Bridge were teamed as a one-way pair. and ownership changed hands.</p><br>
<p>As of 2008, the Dequindre Cut is being turned into a rail trail.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Dequindre Cut is in good condition, and the course of the Cut and how it relates to the street grid is apparent from the Antietam Avenue bridge. The bridge is good evidence of the grade separation effort early in the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>However, as of 2008, the bridge has been demolished due to structural deficiencies and will be reconstructed.</p><br>
<p>The Chestnut Street Bridge is located where Chestnut Street passes over the Dequindre Cut  in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the 1920s, there were over 400 industries operating on Detroits east side. However, the combination of the citys haphazard streetplan, the expansion of large factories, and the substantial network of rail tracks conspired to slow traffic within the city, particularly in the east-west direction. In 1923, the city of Detroit and Grand Trunk railroad began a plan to build 22 grade separations; both parties agreed to share the cost.</p><br>
<p>One of the tracks to be regraded was the line paralleling St. Aubin. These tracks ran from the northwest, where they connected with a network of other lines, to the southeast, where the tracks turned to parallel the river and supplied a number of large factories, including the Detroit-Michigan Stove Plant, the United States Rubber Company Plant, and the Parke-Davis Laboratories. The tracks terminated at the Brush Street Depot in downtown Detroit.</p><br>
<p>By March 1930, 16 of the crossings of what now is known as the "Dequindre Cut" were finished, including the Chestnut Street bridge. and ownership changed hands.</p><br>
<p>As of 2008, the Dequindre Cut is being turned into a rail trail.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Chestnut Street Bridge spans the Dequindre Cut, and is constructed of two steel-stringer spans 31 feet in length sitting on concrete abutments and a concrete-post pier. The stringers are encased in concrete and support a 50.3-foot-wide concrete deck covered with asphalt to make a 30 foot wide roadway. The parapets railings are solid concrete with eight recessed panels arranged in pairs between five concrete posts. A wooden pole luminaire is located at each end of the sidewalk.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Dequindre Cut is in good condition, and the course of the Cut and how it relates to the street grid is apparent from the Antietam Avenue Bridge. The bridge is good evidence of the grade separation effort early in the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Portage Lake is a natural lake, located in Onekama Township in Manistee County, Michigan. The village of Onekama, Michigan is situated at the northeastern end of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lake was first identified as Portage Lake in 1837, when Joseph Stronach named the natural stream at Portage Point that flowed into Lake Michigan as Portage Creek. In that same year, the USA Government survey identified the lake as "O-nek-a-ma-engk or Portage Lake". The 26th Congress first published this survey information. The first map to show and to name the lake was entitled "The State of Michigan and the Surrounding Country," published by John Farmer of Detroit in 1844.</p><br>
<p>The lake was first formed during the Wisconsinian glacial age (10,000 to 75,000 years ago) as an arm of Lake Michigan that later closed. It has a 15,808 acre watershed with a number of ground-fed small streams.</p><br>
<p>In more recent times and up until May 14, 1871, the lake was a landlocked body of water with a water level about 12 to 14 ft above the level of Lake Michigan. On that date in 1871, homesteaders around the lake, who had objected to the practices of the saw mill owner at Portage in raising the lake level to power their saw mill, dug a channel through the narrow isthmus about a mile south of the natural outlet at Portage Creek.</p><br>
<p>This new man-made channel lowered the level of Portage Lake to that of Lake Michigan and dried out Portage Creek. As a result of this, the small community at Portage relocated to the previously submerged far northeastern corner of Portage Lake under its official new Post Office name, Onekama, in 1871.</p><br>
<p>The man who had managed the Portage Mill, Augustine W. Farr became the key figure in establishing the town in its new location and in beginning to lobby for the designation of Portage Lake as a harbor of refuge.</p><br>
<p>On the day following the opening of the channel in May 1871, the first vessel to enter Portage Lake from Lake Michigan was the tugboat Williams. In honor of this, the area on the south side at the Portage Lake was named Williamsport, Michigan, but due to the development of Onekama at the far end of the Portage Lake, Williamsport, Michigan never developed as had been originally hoped.</p><br>
<p>In 1878, Congress recognized the desire to survey the Lake as a first step toward developing a harbor of refuge, as there was no safe harbor in a westerly gale in an 80 mi stretch of coastline between Ludington, Michigan and South Manitou Island. Congress appropriated the first funds to develop the Portage Lake harbor of refuge in 1879 and work continued on and off for decades.</p><br>
<h2>Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>The first light was established on the pier head in 1891. In 1893, the channel had a depth of 8.5 ft with north and south piers 500 ft long with a red light on a 23 ft high pole. The first and only resident lighthouse keeper at Portage Lake Light was John Langland, who served from 1891 to 1917. In 1899 River and Harbors Act provided for the first time to put harbor works under continuous contract. At that point, plans were laid to dredge the channel to a depth of 18 ft and to extend the north and south piers.Report of the Chief of Engineers, USA Army, (1899) Part I, p. 501.</p><br>
<p>By 1914, steam ships of the Northern Michigan Transportation Company and the Pere Marquette Line regularly called at the Portage Point Inn, bringing passengers from Chicago and Milwaukee.</p><br>
<h2>Yacht clubs</h2><br>
<p>The first yacht club established on Portage Lake was the Onekama Sailing Club established in 1896 and which survived until about 1910. This club was located on an acre of land at the southeast end of Portage Lake.</p><br>
<p>About 1936, the Portage Lake Yacht Club was established for small boat sailing on the Lake and was initially located at the Portage Point Inn. Organized by Murray Campbell, George Cartland, Walter Hardy, Lewis Hardy, Homer Hattendorf, John Heskett, Bill Smythe, the Tomlinsons, Leonard Vaughan, Warren Vaughan, and others, particularly their active sailing children.</p><br>
<p>The Club was incorporated in 1946 and a small club house was built on Portage Point near the Portage Lake end of the North pier at the end of Portage Point Drive. The Club has continued to award the Pabst Cup, which was originally donated by the Pabst Brewery to the Onekama Sailing Club. They also have weekly sunfish races.</p><br>
<h2>Shipwrecks</h2><br>
<p>There are two known shipwrecks located inside Portage Lake:</p><br>
<p>The tug boat Lewis Wallace, which burned and sank in the small bay at the west end of Portage Lake between the East end of the North Channel pier and the present site of the Portage Lake Yacht Club on 22 September 1893. Classified as a wooden, propeller driven steam tug (Official number 16625), she had been built in 1865 by Barbage, in Grand Haven, Michigan and originally named Miranda. After a fire in 1879, she was rebuilt at Saginaw, Michigan and renamed Lewis Wallace. She had an overall length of 54 ft, a beam of 16 ft, and a draft of 7 ft.</p><br>
<p>The steamer Music which burned and sank, a total loss, on a bar south of North Point (Andy&#39;s Point) near the middle of the lake. She caught fire at the pier in Onekama and was cast adrift, burning like a torch as she drifted westward out into the lake on 30 August 1899. Built as an excursion boat by McMillan in South Haven, Michigan in 1892 (Official number 92421), she was classified as a wooden, propeller-driven steam tug, and had an overall length of 93 feet, beam of 21 ft and an 8 ft draft.</p><br>
<h2>Modern conditions and facilities</h2><br>
<p>In 2008, Portage Lake has three facilities for yachtsmen:</p><br>
<p>Onekama Marine</p><br>
<p>Portage Lake Marina</p><br>
<p>Portage Point Inn & Yacht Club</p><br>
<p>The current chart of Portage Lake is</p><br>
<p>Barleywood is a farm in Jefferson County, West Virginia, on land once owned by Samuel Washington, brother of George Washington. The farm is close to Samuel&#39;s manor house, Harewood, from which the Barleywood property was subdivided in 1841. The Barleywood house was built in 1842, as well as several outbuildings which survive. The house has been vacant since the 1960s and has suffered from vandalism.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Washington family acquired extensive holdings in Jefferson County, Virginia during the 1770s. Samuel Washington&#39;s Harewood estate comprised 3,800 acre, which were subsequently subdivided by his heirs into at least six smaller estates: Barleywood, Cedar Lawn, Locust Hill, Megwillie, Richwood Hall and Sulgrave. The farms initially produced tobacco with slave labor, but later shifted to grain production. George Steptoe Washington inherited Harewood from his father in 1781, but died in 1809 at the age of 37. His son, William Temple Washington received the portion containing Barleywood by subdivision as the Harewood property was shared among the heirs. Further subdivisions ensued, and William finally sold the future Harewood property to his daughter Millicent and her husband, Robert G. McPherson. The house was built about 1842. The household in 1850 consisted of Robert and Millicent, their four children, two servant girls, and ten slaves.</p><br>
<p>The McPhersons sold Barleywood to Humphrey Keyes in 1853 for $12,203. At the same time Keyes bought William T. Washington&#39;s adjoining Megwillie estate, whose house had burned. During the American Civil War, Barleywood and surrounding estates were the scene of skirmishes, particularly in August 1864. After the death of Keyes in 1875 and his wife Jane in 1879, the farm passed to their daughters, who never lived there, renting them to tenants. The tenant house was built about 1900 to house farm workers, and the granary was built at about the same time. Unlike many nearby farms, the Barleywood estate was not converted to orchard use. Susan Keyes Ambler died in 1925, and the farm passed to her children. Parcels of the farm were sold off by her heirs in 1952 and 1956. The house was not occupied after the 1960s. By 2006 much of the land was developed for residential use, and the house was to be restored.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The 1842 house is a two-story, three bay brick structure with Greek Revival elements and a side hall double-parlor plan. A subsidiary two-story service wing is attached to the east side, set back from the front. Several porches were once present, but have been lost to deterioration and vandalism, as has some of the interior plaster and woodwork. The stair and entrance hall runs the depth of the east side, with two parlors to the west, separated by large doors. A door behind the stairs leads to the service wing. The second floor follows the same plan, with a small room added in front of the stairs. A single attic room is finished with plaster. There is a stone basement. The service wing has a kitchen in the cellar, with single rooms on the first and second floors.</p><br>
<p>Outbuildings include a cistern, located next to the kitchen, and a smokehouse, both dated to 1842. Ruins of an 1840s barn are located to the northwest of the house. A pumphouse and a granary date to 1900. Close to the main road, a two story wood frame tenant house exists, though extensively damaged by fire.</p><br>
<p>Barleywood was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Beall-Air, also known as the Colonel Lewis William Washington House, is a two-story stuccoed brick house in classical revival style near Halltown, West Virginia. It was the home of Colonel Lewis William Washington, great-great nephew of George Washington and hostage in John Brown&#39;s raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The original house, now the rear portion of the house, is believed to have been built by Thomas Beall prior to 1800. Bealls daughter Elizabeth married George Corbin Washington in 1807. George Corbin was the grandson of Augustine Washington, half-brother of George Washington. George and Elizabeths son, Colonel William Lewis Jr., was born in 1812. The present front of the house was added in 1820.</p><br>
<p>Colonel William Lewis Washington Jr. married in 1897 Barbara Gibb, a Canadian nurse, who was the daughter of James Gibb. Col Washington served in the Confederate service during the American Civil War. He claimed to be a grandnephew of General George Washington, the first President of the United States of America. He died in January 1902, and was buried at Nashville.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main (1820) portion of the house is a two-story stucco-faced brick structure on a stone foundation. The corners of the three-bay house are thickened by pilasters, with a similar freize-like thickening extending horizontally above the second floor windows. The front, or south elevation has a small portico with a flat roof and four Ionic columns. The front door has sidelights and an overlight, echoed by the second floor window immediately above the portico. The eat and west ends have stepped gables with central chimneys and the "shadow" of a porch. A small 2½ story structure to the north of the main house connects to the main house with a two-story link. This structure has a gabled roof with dormers and is also stuccoed. Its windows are late 18th century in detail.</p><br>
<h2>The Harpers Ferry Raid</h2><br>
<p>Lewis William inherited several relics of George Washington, including a sword allegedly given by Frederick the Great to Washington and a pair of pistols given by Lafayette. John Cook, who served as John Browns advance party at Harpers Ferry, befriended Washington and noted the relics, as well as the slave population at Beall-Air. Brown was fascinated with the Washington relics. During Browns raid on Harpers Ferry a detachment from his force led by Cook seized the sword and pistols along with Washington at Beall-Air, taking along three of Washingtons slaves. The hostages were taken to Harpers Ferry by way of the Allstadt House and Ordinary, where more hostages were taken. All survived their captivity, and Washington identified Brown to the Marine rescue party. During the assault on John Browns Fort, a saber thrust by Marine Lieutenant Green at Brown was allegedly deflected by the belt buckle securing the Washington sword.</p><br>
<p>The Allstadt House and Ordinary was built about 1790 on land owned by the Lee family near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, including Phillip Ludwell Lee, Richard Bland Lee and Henry Lee III. The house at the crossroads was sold to the Jacob Allstadt family of Berks County, Pennsylvania in 1811. Allstadt operated an ordinary, or tavern in the house, and a tollgate on the Harpers Ferry-Charles Town Turnpike, while he resided farther down the road in a stone house. The house was enlarged by the Allstadts c. 1830. The house remained in the family until the death of John Thomas Allstadt in 1923, the last survivor of John Brown&#39;s Raid.</p><br>
<p>The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>John Brown's Raid</h2><br>
<p>The houses chief historic significance came in 1859, when John Brown launched his raid on Harpers Ferry. Brown ordered a detachment of his forces under John Cook to go to Beall-Air and take hostage the owner, Colonel Lewis Washington, and three of his slaves. On their return to Harpers Ferry with Washington the party stopped at Allstadts and took Allstadt, his son John Thomas, and seven slaves as "prisoner." All survived the siege. The slaves were re-enslaved.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The property comprises a small complex of buildings. The main Allstadt House (c. 1790) is a two-story L-shaped structure with a central brick chimney, built of nogging; stuccoed brick between timber uprights. The present structure was expanded from a -story house c. 1830. The original interior comprises only two rooms on the ground floor, each with Georgian period mantels. The upstairs portion comprises two rooms and a hall., with one fireplace. Windows are 6-over-6 double-hung sashes. A one-story kitchen was originally a separate building, now attached by a connecting room, probably at the time the second floor was added. A porch was added on the east side c. 1930, since removed.</p><br>
<p>A separate two-story stone building was built c. 1830, with a two-tiered porch on the south side leading to two rooms on each level. The attic is a finished, plastered room, accessible by a ladder.</p><br>
<p>A nearby stone bank barn also dates to the 1830 period. The barn was used as a stable for the taverns customers. The barns overhang is supported by unusual chamfered stone piers.</p><br>
<p>The Allstadt Cemetery is also nearby, serving as the central burial place for the extended family. Graves span the period 1821 to 1880, including the grave of five Russell family infants who may have died of diphtheria.</p><br>
<p>The University of Minnesota Armory is a building on the University of Minnesota campus in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Armory was constructed in 1896 after the previous space for military training on the campus burnt in a fire in 1894. The facility served as the primary home for the Minnesota Golden Gophers mens basketball team as well as the University of Minnesota Marching Band after its construction. The basketball team moved to the Kenwood Armory in Downtown Minneapolis in 1925 while the band moved to the newly completed Music Education Building in 1922. Fielding H. Yost, Michigan Wolverines football coach, forgot the Little Brown Jug, one of the oldest college football traveling trophies, in the locker rooms of the Armory in 1903. The Armory was also the facility used for the University of Minnesota physical education department until 1935. The schools football team played some of their early games on the open field next to the Armory.</p><br>
<p>It is a contributing property in the University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District, a historic district that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Currently, it is used as the classrooms and office space of the Universitys three ROTC units, and offices for the Universitys program for High School students, with the gymnasium being available for campus activities.</p><br>
<p>Raphanea or Raphaneae  was a city of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda. Its bishopric was a suffragan of Apamea.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Josephus mentions Raphanea in connection with a stream that flowed only every seventh days (probably an intermittent spring now called Fuwar ed-Deir) and that was viewed by Titus on his way northward from Berytus after the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.</p><br>
<p>Near Emesa, Raphanea was the fortified headquarters of the Legio III Gallica from which was launched the successful bid of 14-year-old Elagabalus to become Roman Emperor in 218.</p><br>
<p>Raphanea issued coins under Elagabalus, and many of its coins are extant.</p><br>
<p>Hierocles and Georgius Cyprius mention Raphanea among the towns of Syria Secunda. The crusaders passed through it at the end of 1099; it was taken by Baldwin I and was given to the Count of Tripoli. It was then known as Rafania.</p><br>
<h2>Episcopal see</h2><br>
<p>The only bishops of Raphanea known are:</p><br>
<p>Bassianus, present at the Nicaea, 325</p><br>
<p>Gerontius at Philippopolis, 344</p><br>
<p>Basil at Constantinople, 381</p><br>
<p>Lampadius at Chalcedon, 451</p><br>
<p>Zoilus about 518</p><br>
<p>Nonnus, 536.</p><br>
<p>The see is mentioned as late as the 10th century in the Notitia episcopatuum of Antioch.</p><br>
<p>The Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium was a tuberculosis sanatorium established in Saranac Lake, New York in 1885 by Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau. After Trudeaus death in 1915, the institutions name was changed to the Trudeau Sanatorium, following changes in conventional usage. It was listed under the latter name on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Trudeau was born in 1848 in New York City to a family of physicians. During his late teens, his elder brother James contracted tuberculosis and Edward nursed him until his death three months later. At twenty, he enrolled in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University (then Columbia College), completing his medical training in 1871. He was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1873. Following conventional thinking of the times, he went to live in the Adirondack Mountains, seeking a change of climate. He spent as much time as possible in the open and subsequently regained his health. In 1876 he moved to Saranac Lake and established a small medical practice.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, Trudeau read about Prussian Dr. Hermann Brehmers success treating tuberculosis with the "rest cure" in cold, clear mountain air. Following this example, Trudeau founded the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium in February, 1885. The first patients were two sisters who had been factory workers in New York City. They were treated in a one-room cottage named "Little Red", built for $350 on land donated by the guides and residents of the village. As the sanitorium grew, it would be supported at first by wealthy sportsmen that Trudeau had met at nearby Paul Smiths Hotel, several of whom had built great camps on the nearby St. Regis Lakes. Early contributors included John W. Minturn, Anson Phelps Stokes, and Whitelaw Reid.</p><br>
<h2>Later Years</h2><br>
<p>While the sanitarium did not offer its services free-of-charge, it treated poorer patients at less than cost, and fund-raising was a constant concern. Many physicians and staff members served without pay, and in later years Trudeau commented that he had never been able to pay his staff adequately. Like Trudeau himself, a number of physicians and nurses were themselves infected with tuberculosis.</p><br>
<p>The sanitarium also developed a school for nursing, and later the Trudeau School of Tuberculosis, which offered six-week summer courses for physicians who wished to learn the latest treatment methods for the disease.</p><br>
<p>Patients included authors Allen Seager and Walker Percy, Canadian physician and medical innovator Norman Bethune, and baseball players Larry Doyle and Christy Mathewson.</p><br>
<p>In time, far more patients would be drawn to the area than the Sanitarium could handle. Many patients were treated in the small, often family-run, cure cottages that developed in the area to meet the demand. Large sanitoria were built at Ray Brook and Gabriels, and in 1927, the Will Rogers Hospital, the last of the institutional sanatoria, was built in Saranac Lake; it is now an assisted living facility, Saranac Village at Will Rogers.</p><br>
<h2>Closing</h2><br>
<p>The Trudeau Sanatorium closed in 1954, after the discovery of effective antibiotic treatments for tuberculosis. The property was sold by Trudeau&#39;s grandson, Dr. Francis B. Trudeau, Jr., to the American Management Association in 1957. The proceeds were invested in a new medical research facility, the Trudeau Institute, built on Lower Saranac Lake, which opened in 1964; subsequently Little Red and the Trudeau statue were moved to the new site as memorials. A number of the sanatorium buildings have been torn down, and many more have been badly renovated, but a substantial number are still intact. They are not generally open to the public, but tours are offered by Historic Saranac Lake, a local nonprofit, historic preservation organization.</p><br>
<p>The Mountaineer Hotel is an historic hotel located in Williamson, West Virginia, USA. Situated at the corner of East Second Avenue and Court Street with the main entrance located on East Second Avenue, the one hundred sixteen room hotel is in the center of the downtown commercial district.</p><br>
<p>The Classical Revival building was built in 1925 and added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>In 1923, in response to the rapid population and business growth in Williamson, the Williamson Chamber of Commerce sponsored an executive committee to raise funds for a new local hotel. Shares of stock for a new hotel were sold to 1,400 stockholders, who were mostly local residents, and $493,000 was raised. Four lots were purchased for $90,000 in the central commercial district and, in 1925, the community hotel was constructed. The Charleston, West Virginia, architectural firm of Meanor and Handloser designed the building, and the construction of the hotel was done by Payne Construction of Ashland, Kentucky, at a final cost of $600,000. In a naming contest held by the Chamber of Commerce, the name "Mountaineer Hotel" was chosen with a $100 prize going to the winner.</p><br>
<h3>Events</h3><br>
<p>The Mountaineer Hotels location in the town center made it a key part of the Williamsons cultural history. Over the years, community events ranged from political rallies and civic club meetings to weddings and reunions.</p><br>
<p>When dignitaries such as President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, entrepreneurs such as Henry Ford and celebrities such as Loretta Lynn and Hank Williams came to the area, they stayed at the Mountaineer Hotel.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The square Classical Revival building is five stories tall. All around the building at the street level there are large bay openings where various retail shops are located. The exterior is framed with yellow glazed brick.</p><br>
<p>The street level and mezzanine stories are accentuated by a stringcourse at the cornice line, with the cornice line accentuated by angled bricks to give a dentil effect. Around the windows at the mezzanine level are false arch brick work in a keystone and centered diamond pattern.</p><br>
<p>The roof&#39;s cornice line has brick corbeling. Below the corbeling is a row of bricks extended slightly from the facade with bricks in a diamond design intermittently interrupting the row pattern.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The main entrance leads to a large lobby and the front desk with pigeonhole boxes for room keys and a teller window. French doors lead to the ballroom. The hotel has 116 rooms for guests, a formal ballroom, a lobby restaurant and sports bar.</p><br>
<p>The Rythe is a river or stream in north Surrey, England which is generally open and which is a natural woodland feature for approximately half of its course before being variously culverted and a suburban garden feature, passing between Thames Ditton and Long Ditton, then discharging into the Thames, its longest branch is the Arbrook which drains Arbrook Common, a woodland of the mainly wooded Esher Commons.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Rythe or Wrythe rises at several sources, the furthest being four sources in Prince&#39;s Coverts (woodland), all in the parish and ward of Oxshott where on its northern edge it combines to form the Arbrook.</p><br>
<p>It runs under the six-lane A3 into wooded Arbrook Common there joined by three further headwaters rising in the suburban area of adjoining Claygate immediately to the east (right bank). It carries on north bounding Littleworth Common and Hinchley Wood to the Scilly Isles roundabout at part of remnant wooded Ditton Marsh, today cast colloquially and locally as a part of Esher, being close to Esher railway station and in that post town. It then follows the Portsmouth Road (SW from London) west through part of Thames Ditton proper and alongside the South Western Main Line. It receives its shorter east branch (rising in Surbiton Golf Course, Long Ditton within Elmbridge) then turns forming the boundary between Long Ditton, (here in Surbiton post town and Elmbridge, Surrey) and Thames Ditton, running into the Thames near Ferry Road heading 800 north.</p><br>
<p>The Rythe has often clay-lined banks and its lack of depth and width in places, as opposed to its historic condition, has been implicated in flash flooding in a few gardens and drainage systems, particularly for its mid-course headwaters in the suburban central part of Claygate. A flood alleviation scheme was therefore drawn up in 2002 between the responsible authorities. It discharges into the Thames between Thames Ditton and Long Ditton on the reach above Teddington Lock on the north-western border of the county with the edge of the administrative county of London. It marks the traditional border of the parish of Thames Ditton and Long Ditton but under the headline post town of the early-20th settled UK addressing system is almost wholly in Thames Ditton.</p><br>
<p>The Shepherdstown Historic District comprises the historic core of Shepherdstown, West Virginia. The town is the oldest in West Virginia, founded in 1762 as Mecklenburg. No structures are known to exist from the time before the town became known as Shepherdstown. The historic district is concentrated along German Street, the main street, with 386 contributing resources and 69 non-contributing elements. The chief representative period is the late 18th century, with many Federal style brick houses. German Street is also furnished with 19th-century "street furniture" such as metal fences, mounting blocks, wooden pumps and mature trees.</p><br>
<p>The town has a significant place in American history. James Rumsey made a public demonstration of a steamboat in 1787 on the nearby Potomac River. Shepherdstown was proposed as the National Capital in 1790, losing to Alexandria, Virginia, and Georgetown, Maryland, at the tidal headwaters of the Potomac. During the Civil War, Shepherdstown was in a pivotal position, with Confederate forces burning the covered bridge over the Potomac in 1861, then using nearby Pack Horse Ford to and from the Battle of Antietam. The entire town became a field hospital following this action. Later, Union troops occupied the town to preserve the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad link to the west.</p><br>
<p>Some of the more significant elements are:</p><br>
<p>Baker House, a Federal style brick house with a Roman Revival porch, dating to the 1790s. It was the home of US Representative John Baker.</p><br>
<p>The Great Western Hotel, owned by Jacob Entler. Originally a log structure, it was extensively modified in the early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Presbyterian Manse, a brick Federal style or Classical Revival house, home of John Kearsley, a prominent local landowner.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Rectory, a Federal style house that was a home of John Baker, as well as US Representative Thomas Van Swearingen.</p><br>
<p>The Lane House, a Federal style house once owned by Harriet Lane, niece and hostess for President James Buchanan.</p><br>
<p>The Sheetz House, a Federal style house where muskets were manufactured during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>The Old Market House, the town&#39;s former market built in 1800, with stepped gable ends. A second story was added in 1845 by the Odd Fellows with a 999-year lease. The first floor has been a public library since 1922.</p><br>
<p>McMurran Hall, a yellow brick Greek Revival building in the Corinthian order, which served as the Jefferson County Courthouse immediately after the American Civil War. It was later the first building used by Shepherd College.</p><br>
<p>The Entler Hotel, a thirty-two room complex, which is itself on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Shepherd District Free School, a public school on the campus of Shepherd University, built in 1868.</p><br>
<p>The Chapline-Shenton House, built in 1793 on the site of the original Sheetz gunnery, and bought in 1818 by Captain William Delyea, stepson of General William Darke. Congressman Van Swearingen lived in the house during the winter. During the Civil War the house was used as a hospital following the battle of Antietam.</p><br>
<p>The Weltzheimer Tavern, which housed the Potowmac Guardian and Berkeley Advertiser in 1790, the first newspaper published in West Virginia. The newspaper was operated by Nathaniel Willis, grandfather of Nathaniel Parker Willis and a participant in the Boston Tea Party. In 1808 the building became known as Weltzheimer&#39;s Tavern.</p><br>
<p>Shepherd&#39;s Grist Mill, itself listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Billmyer House, a Federal style house that served as an inn, and home of Col. John F. Hamtramck, a figure in the Mexican-American War.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was expanded in 1987 to include properties from the late 19th century, including the Register Building, the Opera House and the Jefferson Security Bank. The expansion also includes Elmwood Cemetery, with a large number of Civil War graves. Outer portions of the expanded district include American Foursquare and bungalow styles of housing. The older portions of the Shepherd University campus are also included.</p><br>
<p>The Wayne County Courthouse is located in Wooster, Ohio and was constructed to Thomas Boyd&#39;s design from 1877 to 1879. The building is designed in classic Second Empire style and is composed of sandstone. The architect originally designed a symmetrical building separate from the old north annex of the previous courthouse. The reluctant county officials cited money issues and ordered the new building to be built connected to the old, thus giving it an offset appearance.</p><br>
<p>The entrances are flanked by the Atlantes supporting a pediment. The first floor consists of smooth stone blocks. The windows are high arched and set back into the wall, above each is a small arch with a decorative keystone.</p><br>
<p>The second and third floor is of a rougher, darker stone than the first. Doric and Corinthian columns flank the windows around the facade. The second floor windows are high arched and recessed. Here the buildings on either side of the tower differ, the northern half ending with a hipped roof, the southern half continuing on above.</p><br>
<p>The third floor of the southern end contains rectangular recessed windows, the roof resting on a decorative moulding above. On the southern side sits a broken pediment with a griffin peering out below. Resting on the pediment are two figures representing Justice, one holding the scales of justice, the other the Ten Commandments. The windows peeking out of the roof are round portholes.</p><br>
<p>A high tower sits, oddly enough, at the end of the roofing detail, but correctly in the middle of the court complex. It rests on a broken pediment containing an urn. The tower rises two levels to become a clock tower, and then curves in to brace a cupola with a weather vane capping it.</p><br>
<p>Weyanoke is an unincorporated community in Charles City County, Virginia, United States. In 1619 the English transported African slaves to the Weyanoke Peninsula. They created the first African community in North America. The Westover Plantation and related archaeological sites were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The area was named for, and historically inhabited by, the Weanoc (also spelled Weyanoke) Indians, an Algonquian-speaking tribe of the Powhatan Confederacy. The peripatetic movements of this tribe back and forth between their original home and North Carolina during the years following the Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644–46) were extensively documented as part of the later boundary dispute between Virginia Colony and North Carolina Colony, and this unusual wealth of detailed information has been the subject of much study. At the heart of the dispute was the intended location of the "Weyanoke River" mentioned in the Carolina Charter boundaries, as the Weyanoke had by then lived on several rivers, and each colony produced many witnesses avowing that they had known various local rivers by that name.</p><br>
<p>Despite their many moves, the Weyanoke after 1646 became partly Anglicised, preferring to have some English-style houses built, rather than yehakans, wherever they moved. The colony, in assigning them reserve land on the upper Blackwater in 1650 (from which they were driven by colonists the following year), even expressed a desire to teach the Weyanokes the English concept of property ownership, and this was successful. In their subsequent wanderings, the Weyanoke always made land purchase or rental contracts with the chiefs of the Iroquoian-speaking Tuscarora and Nottoway tribes. By the 18th century, they had fully integrated with the Nottoways, and were speaking their language, their former presence visible only in the surname "Wineoak".</p><br>
<p>The Weyanoke Plantation includes a formal Georgian style mansion built in the 1790s and 40 archaeological sites. The mansion is a two-story frame house sheathed with molded weatherboards and set on a brick foundation. It was built by Fielding Lewis who was named for his uncle Col. Fielding Lewis of Fredericksburg.</p><br>
<p>It passed through marriage to the Douthat family and remained in the Douthat family through the American Civil War when in June 1864 the Union Army under General Grant crossed from Weyanoke Point to Flowerdew Hundred on the south bank of the James River on a hastily constructed pontoon bridge. The original house was enlarged after 1938. Within the propertys boundaries are the archaeological remains of mans continuous occupation which spans 10,000 years.</p><br>
<p>In 1972 Weyanoke was acquired by Lawrence Lewis, Jr. a descendant of Fielding Lewis. Lewis, a businessman, philanthropist, benefactor of generations of conservative politicians and founder of Flagler College in St. Augustine, Florida was an heir to a fortune amassed in oil and railroad investments by Henry Morrison Flagler, who in 1870 founded Standard Oil Co. with John D. Rockefeller. Lewis&#39; fortune was estimated at $120 million in the July 1993 issue of Virginia Business magazine.</p><br>
<p>The Weyanoke Association was formed in Charles City County in 1996 to help mixed-race black and Indian individuals research, understand and celebrate their joint heritages.</p><br>
<p>Pyana  is a river in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It is a tributary of the Sura River.</p><br>
<h2>History and etymology</h2><br>
<p>Pyana translates from Russian into drunken. The original name of the river was likely Piana, This explanation is further supported by the original text of the chronicles of the battle, where the writer first calls the river Piana, then notes the ironical similarity of the words piana and pyana (in a sense of drunkenness) and further uses Pyana as the river name.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The river is 436 km long; it freezes around November and thaws in April. The average discharge 65 km from its mouth is 25 m³/s and it can vary between 10 and 1,500 m³/s. River banks contain numerous karst caves. Pyana is remarkable by its shape: it runs to the north-west and then turns 180° south-east making a nearly closed loop (see map) before turning north and merging with the Sura.</p><br>
<h2>Human activities</h2><br>
<p>The towns of Perevoz and Sergach are located on the Pyana. The river is navigable in its lower reaches. On the river banks there is Ichalkovsky Natural Reserve of 936 ha area which is protected by the state since 1963. There is a hydroelectric station near the village of Ichalkovo with the annual production of 600 MW. Its construction was started after World War II, but completed only in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Wright Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Groton Road near Lynwood Lane in Westford, Massachusetts. The cemetery was formally established in 1836 as a private cemetery for the locally numerous Wright family, although its earliest documented burial dates to 1819. Maintenance and operation of the cemetery was taken over by the town in 1909. The half-acre plot has approximately 150 marked grave sites, and remains in use. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Wright Cemetery is located in northwestern Westford, just north of the junction of Lynwood Lane and Groton Road (Massachusetts Route 40), a major artery through that part of the town. The cemetery occupies about 0.5 acre of a larger 4.5 acre parcel, the rest of which is wooded. The cemetery is roughly rectangular, with a capstoned fieldstone wall along the road, and a fence of granite posts and wooden rails on the other three sides. A wooden gate in the wall provides the primary access to the grounds, along with a few pedestrian entrances.</p><br>
<p>Family plots are generally demarcated by granite curbing of various heights. The Albion Wright family plot is the most prominent of these, with curbs 2 ft in height, with pyramidal piers at the corners, and granite steps to access the plot. The most common early markers are slate, with a shoulder-arch form at the top. Eighteen of these markers appear, with dates from 1819 to 1854. Later in the 19th century marble markers became more common, with granite predominating in 20th century markers. The largest grave marker is a granite obelisk 10 ft in height; it is for Joel Wright (1782-1834)</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was formally authorized by the town as a private cemetery for the Wright family in 1837, but there are eight markers that predate this formality, including members of the Wright and Wight families. One burial, that of Lieutenant Nahum Wight, is confirmed to be of an American Revolutionary War veteran; there are also several graves of War of 1812 veterans.</p><br>
<p>The Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic church at 131 W. Emerson Street in Melrose, Massachusetts. The main church building was constructed in 1886 to a design by Boston architect Charles Brigham. It is connected to its parish house, built in 1936 with a significant addition in 1956. The main building is English Revival  in styling. Its walls are made of multiple colors of granite, and are topped by a steeply pitched slate roof. There is a large projecting gable section on the southern facade, which, along with the tower in the southeastern corner, has the half-timber styling typical of the Tudor Revival. The eastern facade has a projecting curved section, which houses the apse on the interior; it is from this section that the church is connected to the parish house via the somewhat utilitarian 1956 addition. The parish house was designed in Shingle Style by Boston architect and parish member William H. Smith, although with sympathy to the Tudor styling of the church.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Shirley Shaker Village is a historic former Shaker community in Lancaster and Shirley, Massachusetts. Defined as an historic district, it includes about half of the original buildings and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Shirley Shaker Village began in 1793. Hundreds of acres of land was donated by John Warren, Elijah and Ivory Wildes, and Nathan Willard near their properties. At its peak there were 26 buildings; Now there are 13. Within the community there were the North, South and Church families. By 1853 there were 150 believers, or members, and the community continued into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were first made of clapboard and painted yellow and white. After the 1840s and the founding of a brick factory nearby, new buildings were constructed of brick. The brick administration building was styled similarly to one at the Canterbury Shaker Village in New Hampshire. The interiors of the buildings were described by William Dean Howells in 1875 as</p><br>
<p>"the unpapered walls, the scrubbed floors hidden only by rugs and strips of carpeting, and the plain flat finish of the wood-work. Each chamber accommodates two brothers or sisters, and is appointed with two beds, two rocking chairs, two wash stands, and a wood stove with abundance of rugs. There were few tokens of personal taste in the arrangements of the rooms."</p><br>
<p>The Shakers earned income by producing and selling jellies, applesauce, herbs, mops and brooms. When the community dwindled and they were no longer able to be self-supporting, in 1908 "believers" moved to the Hancock Shaker Village.</p><br>
<p>The state purchased the property in 1909 and adapted it for use as an "industrial school" for troubled and delinquent boys. Extensive changes were made to the property, resulting in the movement, alteration, and demolition of buildings.</p><br>
<p>In 1971 the school was closed. New construction was done on site and the total facility was converted into the Massachusetts Correctional Institution complex. A historic district, encompassing the Shaker-related resources on more than 700 acre of land in Shirley and Lancaster, was defined and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The Shirley Historical Society arranges periodic tours of the former Shirley Shaker Village.</p><br>
<p>Several other Shaker village sites operate today as museums. A similar community was founded in nearby Harvard. The meetinghouse of Shirley Shaker Village was moved in 1962 to Hancock Shaker Village in Pittsfield to replace an identical one which burned and then was razed in 1938.</p><br>
<p>Today, only one "society" remains in the control of the last Shakers, located at Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village in New Gloucester, Maine.</p><br>
<p>Common Burying Ground at Sandy Bank  is a historic cemetery in Malden, Massachusetts. It occupies a roughly rectangular parcel of land 3.3 acre in size, bounded by Medford and Green Streets, Converse Avenue, and the Malden River on the west. It is the oldest cemetery in the city, established in 1649. Its earliest probable burial dates to that same year, although the oldest gravestone, that of Alice Brackenbury, bears the date 1670. The Malden Public Library, in its local history collection, has a multi-volume set of binders that contain alphabetically ordered photographs of every grave in Bell Rock Cemetery with the epitaphs on each gravestone transcribed below its picture.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery serves as the final resting place for Michael Wigglesworth, a Puritan minister, doctor and poet whose poem, "The Day of Doom" was a very popular in early New England and remains so to this day.</p><br>
<p>Hillside Cemetery, also known as the North Burying Ground, is a historic cemetery on Depot and Nutting Roads in Westford, Massachusetts. The cemetery was established in 1753, and is the burial site of a number of people important in local history. It contains approximately 300 burials, and continues in active use. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Hillside Cemetery is a rectangular parcel about 1 acre in size, set at the northwest corner of Nutting Road and Depot Street in central northern Westford. Raised above the streets, its street-facing sides are lined with granite retaining walls topped by split capstones, with dry-laid fieldstone walls around the other two sides. A paved drive skirts around the northern and western sides, joining the two principal entrances; pedestrian access is also possible via stairs in the south wall. The cemetery is laid out in a typical colonial-period rectilinear form. Some family plots are bounded by granite curbing, varying in height. There are about 300 burials, the earliest labeled grave dating to 1761.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was established in 1753 with a gift to the town of its land by Ebenezer and Thomas Wright (the latter of whom is interred here). The oldest dated grave is that of Jacob and Abigail Wright, a married couple both of whom died in 1761. The earliest markers are typically slate, while granite and marble appear in the markers and memorials of the 19th and 20th centuries. There are several obelisks (including one with a triangular cross-section), all placed in the second half of the 19th century. There are two zinc burial markers, both manufactured by the Monumental Bronze Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut for members of the Keyes family.</p><br>
<p>The United Church of Christ, Congregational is a historic Congregational church at 6 Lexington Street in Burlington, Massachusetts. Built in 1732, it is one of the oldest religious structures in Massachusetts, and one of a small number of pre-19th century church buildings. It was redesigned in 1846 to bring it into the then-popular Greek Revival style, extending it in length and adding a somewhat Gothic-looking steeple. In 1888, when the Colonial Revival was becoming popular, a number of these changes were in effect reversed, restoring a more Colonial-style steeple.</p><br>
<p>When built, the area that is now Burlington was still part of Woburn, and this church was the second, built to serve what is now Burlington. It was the site in 1775 of some critical meetings, both military and political, of Patriots in the American Revolutionary War. The church served as a parish of Massachusetts&#39; state funded church until the churches were disaffiliated from the state government in the early nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>The meeting house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The congregation is currently affiliated with the United Church of Christ.</p><br>
<p>The Russian Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Patten Road in Westford, Massachusetts. The cemetery was established in 1918 by the Russian Brotherhood, a social organization that served as a focal point for Belorussian immigrants who had been recruited by agents for the Abbot Worsted Company to work in its Westford mills. These primarily Russian Orthodox Christians were not allowed to have burials in some of the town&#39;s other cemeteries, prompting the creation of this one, which is distinctive in the town as the only cemetery catering to a specific ethnic group. It has approximately 300 burials, with a significant number of early burials marked with gravestones bearing Cyrillic lettering. The cemetery remains open to members of the local Russian-American community.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Broadway Winter Hill Congregational Church is a historic church building at 404 Broadway in Somerville, Massachusetts. Built in 1890-91 to a design by Hartwell and Richardson for a Congregationalist congregation founded in 1865, it is one of the city&#39;s only examples of Shingle style architecture, and one of its finer architect-designed buildings from the 19th century. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It is now home to the Vida Real Church.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Broadway Winter Hill Congregational Church stands near the summit of Winter Hill, at the southwest corner of Broadway and Central Street. It is a wood frame structure, with a gable roof set perpendicular to Broadway. Its exterior is finished in a combination of stone on the ground floor, and shingles on the upper sections. The main gable has a slightly projecting peak section, above a grouping of three stained glass windows topped by transom-like fixed panes. Projecting forward from the gables left end is a circular two-story turret with a conical roof. Projecting left toward Central Street is a tall square tower, whose front houses the main entrance under a shed-roof portico. The tower is somewhat medieval in appearance, with small windows in its stone lower section. The stone section is topped by a wood-frame louvered belfry, the openings adorned by Stick style woodwork. The tower is capped by a pyramidal roof with flared modillioned eave.</p><br>
<p>Congregational church activity began in the Winter Hill area as a Sunday School in 1863, and was formally organized as a congregation two year later. The congregation split over doctrinal issues in 1881, with the Winter Hill Congregational Society building this structure in 1890-91, having used an older Carpenter Gothic church before then. It was designed by Hartwell and Richardson, and is one of only a few institutional Shingle style buildings in the city.</p><br>
<p>The Old Cemetery, also known as the Milk Row Cemetery, is a historic cemetery on Somerville Avenue and School Street in Somerville, Massachusetts. Established in 1804 on land donated by Samuel Tufts, it is the citys oldest cemetery. The cemetery was established when Somerville was still a part of Charlestown, and many Somerville residents used that citys Phipps Street Burying Ground, and later the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge instead of this one. As a result, this cemetery remained small, and was the only one established within the city limits in the 19th century. The American Civil War monument is reputed to be one of the first to be erected in the nation .</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Peter and Oliver Tufts House  is a historic house at 78 Sycamore Street in Somerville, Massachusetts. Built about 1714, it is one of the oldest houses in the citys Winter Hill neighborhood, and was owned in the 19th century by members of the Tufts family responsible for developing the citys brickyards. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Tufts House is located on the west side of Sycamore Street, a residential street running north-south between Medford Street and Highland Avenue on the southwest side of Winter Hill. The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a gambrel roof, two chimneys, and clapboard siding. Its main facade faces east, and is symmetrically arranged, with a center entrance sheltered by an Italianate hood with heavy brackets.</p><br>
<p>The oldest part of the house was built around 1714. The house "was originally built on Barberry Lane (Highland Ave.)" From 1775 to 1776, the house served as headquarters for General Charles Lee of the Continental Army during the siege of Boston.</p><br>
<p>Peter Tufts eventually acquired a large parcel of farmland on the south side of Winter Hill. What is now Sycamore Street was originally the drive leading to the house. Peter and Oliver Tufts were, in addition to the farm, involved in establishing some brickyards that were an important business in Somerville in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The First Universalist Church is a historic Universalist Church building at 125 Highland Avenue in Somerville, Massachusetts. The Romanesque church building was built between 1916 and 1923 to a design by Ralph Adams Cram, and is the only local example of his work. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It is currently owned by the Highland Masonic Building Association, and is the home of King Solomon&#39;s Lodge AF & AM, the builders of the Bunker Hill Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The First Universalist Church is located on the north side of Highland Avenue, opposite Trull Lane and the First Unitarian Church. It has a roughly cruciform shape, with a long body oriented parallel to the street, with a square tower projecting at the right end of the front and a gabled projection at the left end. The exterior is primarily plain stucco, with trim details in brick and terra cotta. The front facade has round-arch windows in pairs, framed by brick trim with a white pilaster in between. These window bays are set apart by buttresses with brick caps. The main entrance is set recessed in a round-arch opening at the base of the tower. The tower has four stages, demarcated by string courses of terra cotta. The lower stages have round-arch windows in similar style to the body, and the top stage has an open belfry with similar round-arch openings. It is capped by a pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>The church was built from 1916 to 1923 to a design by the noted ecclesiastical architect Ralph Adams Cram, who produced a somewhat more Romanesque plan than the typical Gothical Revival work he is best known for. It was the last of several churches to be built along the stretch of Highland Avenue northwest of Somerville&#39;s civic area.</p><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Church is a historic church building at 130 Highland Avenue in Somerville, Massachusetts. The stone church was built between 1875 and 1899 for a Unitarian Church congregation. It was designed by Hartwell, Richardson and Driver, and is a good example of Richardsonian Romanesque design. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. As of 2009 the building houses the Mission Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The First Unitarian Church building is located on the south side of Highland Avenue, at its western corner with Trull Lane, about one block west of Somerville&#39;s cluster of civic buildings on Central Hill. The church is a handsome stone structure, with a tall and steeply pitched gable roof, and a square tower at its right front corner. Entrances are located on the north-facing front facade at either end of the gable, which has a bank of five rectangular stained-glass windows below three tall round-arch stained glass windows in the gable. The tower rises through two levels to a belfry which has tripled round-arch louvered openings on each side, with a fourth stage housing a multi-faced clock with stone piers at the corners rising to pyramidal caps. The tower is capped by a slate pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1892 to a design by Hartwell, Richardson and Driver as the fourth sanctuary for a congregation organized in 1844. The building is a fine local example of the Richardsonian Romanesque style for which its architects were well known. The building now houses the Mission Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ, an Apostolic Pentacostalist church.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library is the main branch of the Somerville, Massachusetts, public library system. It is located at 79 Highland Avenue, in an architecturally distinguished Renaissance Revival brick building designed by Edward Lippincott Tilton and built in 1914 with funding assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Services</h2><br>
<p>The library has a lending collection of books, CDs, and video media. It also provides access to a number of online databases, either in-library or through the Internet, to city residents. It runs a variety of programs for adults, children, and immigrants, and has a conference room and other facilities available for community use.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>Somervilles Central Library is located at the eastern end of Central Hill, a cluster of civic buildings that includes the citys high school and City Hall. It is located at the northwest corner of Highland Avenue and Walnut Street, on a parcel that first contained the city&#39;s first fire station. Noted library architect Edward Lippincott Tilton designed the two story Renaissance Revival building, which was completed in 1914. The yellow brick building is topped by a truncated hip roof made of green tile. The second story has nine bays of high round-arched windows. The building is trimmed with limestone and terra cotta panels, and its entry is sheltered by a columned porch topped by an elaborate terra cotta shield.</p><br>
<p>The city&#39;s first library, also a Romanesque structure, was built on the west side of Central Hill, near City Hill, and was designed by George F. Loring. The present building was funded in part by a grant from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie.</p><br>
<p>The Albree-Hall-Lawrence House is a historic house located at 353 Lawrence Road in Medford, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The 2.5-story wood frame house has a somewhat complex construction history, which may date to the early years of the 18th century. Its foundations give evidence of at least three periods of construction prior to 1850, and it is known that a house was standing at this one&#39;s approximate site in 1720, when John Albree purchased the farm and house. In the early decades of the 19th century the house was owned by Peter Chardon Brooks, who gave it his sister and son-in-law, Joanna Brooks Hall and Nathaniel Hall. During the 1830s, Francis Parkman, then a child, lived in this house for several years. The farm was later purchased by Samuel C. Lawrence, the first mayor of Medford, and incorporated into his estate.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Unitarian Universalist Church of Medford and The Osgood House are a historic Unitarian Universalist church building and parsonage house at 141 and 147 High Street in Medford, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in 1690 as a Puritan parish church that was an official branch of the Massachusetts state church. In 1696 the first meeting house was constructed. In the early 1820s the congregation split and was restructured with the orthodox Trinitarian members leaving to form a separate congregation. The current and fifth building of the congregation was constructed in 1894 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. William Ellery Channing gave his first sermon at 1st Parish Medford on August 8, 1802 "Silver and gold have I none, but such I give to you." The Rev. Thomas Starr King did his student ministry under Hosea Ballou II at 1st Universalist before Ballou moved to become the first president of Tufts College in 1852.</p><br>
<p>The First Universalist Church and the Hillside Universalist consolidated with the First Parish Church (Unitarian) in 1961 to form The Unitarian Universalist Church of Medford (or UU Medford) a member congregation of the Unitarian Universalist Association, and has been a Welcoming Congregation since 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church, built in 1893-94, is one of Medford&#39;s finest examples of Late Gothic Revival architecture. It was designed by J. Merrill Brown, a Boston architect who had worked in the practices of H.H. Richardson and Peabody and Stearns. The builders were the Dodge Brothers, a regionally prominent building firm specializing in religious buildings. The former parsonage, now housing other church facilities, was built in 1785 for the Reverend David Osgood, and is a fine example of Federal period architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Famous members</h2><br>
<p>George Luther Stearns</p><br>
<p>Lydia Maria Child</p><br>
<p>Fannie Farmer</p><br>
<p>Rev. John Pierpont</p><br>
<p>James Pierpont</p><br>
<p>Robert D. Richardson</p><br>
<p>Samuel C. Lawrence</p><br>
<p>Gov. John Brooks</p><br>
<p>Rev. Hosea Ballou II</p><br>
<p>Rev. Clarence Skinner</p><br>
<h2>List of Ministers</h2><br>
<p>The Ace Art Company is a historic commercial and industrial building at 24 Gould Street in Reading, Massachusetts. Built in 1924, the single-story brick building is the only Art Deco building in Reading. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ace Art Company building is set on the south side of Gould Street, a relatively short street on the southwest side of Reading&#39;s central business district. It is a single-story brick structure with a flat roof, and restrained Art Deco styling. Its main facade is divided into three bays by brick buttresses, which have concrete caps with ceramic tile detailing. A stepped parapet rises above the central bay, where the main entrance is located. The brick surrounding the entrance is larger and of more varied color than that used in the buttresses. The outer bays each have two windows separated by brick piers fashioned of bricks smaller than those of the buttresses, with concrete sill set on several courses of the larger bricks of the central section.</p><br>
<p>The Ace Art Company manufactured mounting corners for photographs, using patented technology to produce them in large numbers. This building was built for the company in 1924. The building was enlarged to the rear in 1931, 1941, and 1966; the main entrance was redesigned with the last addition.</p><br>
<p>The Parker Tavern is a historic house museum at 103 Washington Street in Reading, Massachusetts, United States. Built in 1694, it is the oldest extant structure in Reading. The saltbox was built by Abraham Bryant, a farmer and blacksmith, and Ephraim Parker operated a tavern on the premises in the 18th century. It has been a local history museum since 1923, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Parker Tavern is located on the south side of Washington Street, west of Main Street and a short way south of the Reading MBTA station. It is set near the back of a level, grassy lot, and faces west. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, wooden shingle siding, and a granite foundation. The front facade is four bays wide, with two windows to the left of the entrance and one to the right. The door and window surrounds are plain. The building has an integral leanto at the rear, giving it a classic New England saltbox appearance.</p><br>
<p>In 1693 Abraham Bryant, a blacksmith, acquired the land on which the house stands, and was taxed a substantially larger amount the following year, suggesting the house was built by 1694. His heirs remained in the house until the 1730s, after which it was owned by Ebenezer Nichols, a tanner prominent in the civic affairs of the town. Ephraim Parker, the great-grandson of Thomas Parker, who was one of the founders of Reading, was the next owner, living here until his death in 1804. Parker was licensed to operate a tavern on the premises between 1770 and 1785. He served in the Battle of Lexington and Concord at the start of the American Revolutionary War, and hosted as a prisoner of war Colonel Archibald Campbell, whose regiment had been captured aboard ship in Boston Harbor in 1776. Campbell remained at the tavern until 1778, when he was exchanged for Ethan Allen.</p><br>
<p>For most of the 19th century the house was owned by the Sweetser family. It was acquired by the town in 1916, and sold to the Reading Antiquarian Society in 1923 for a nominal sum. The society has since operated the property as a historic house museum, generally open on Sundays between May and October.</p><br>
<p>The Harpers Ferry Historic District comprises about one hundred historic structures in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. The historic district includes the portions of the central town not included in Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, including large numbers of early 19th-century houses built by the United States Government for the Harpers Ferry Armory. Significant buildings and sites include the site of the Armory, the U.S Armory Potomac Canal, the Harpers Ferry Train Station, and Shenandoah Street, Potomac Street, and High or Washington Street. The National Historic Park essentially comprises the lower, flood-prone areas of the town, while the Historic District comprises the upper town.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century a number of Victorian and Federalist-style houses were built on the high ground and received guests who included Mark Twain, Alexander Graham Bell and Woodrow Wilson. "Stonewall" Jackson also made the town his base of command during part of the Civil War and Thomas Jefferson said of the ferry area that: "The passage of the Patowmac through the Blue Ridge is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in Nature."</p><br>
<p>The historic district preserves what is essentially an intact 19th-century town that occupied a pivotal role in the American Civil War, and later as a transportation center. Thousands of tourists visit the town every year, however, parking in town is scarce. In order to better manage traffic in the small streets and enhance the feel of this historic town visitors are asked to park at the nearby Visitors Center and take the Park Service bus into the town itself. Taking the bus not only also gives visitors a view of the traditional infrastructure that made Harpers Ferry so important prior to the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>A commuter train line stops in town at a historic train station and conveniently stops at Brunswick, Point of Rocks, Dickerson, Barnesville, Boyds, Germantown, Metropolitan Grove, Gaithersburg, Washington Grove, Rockville, Garrett Park, Kensington, Silver Spring, and Union Station in D.C.</p><br>
<p>Due to repetitive flooding in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the town entered a decline that resulted in the inadvertent preservation of much of the original town fabric. Two National Register properties adjoin the Harpers Ferry Historic District—the B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing and St. Peter&#39;s Roman Catholic Church.</p><br>
<p>The Carroll County Courthouse is located in Carrollton, Ohio, and is the second for the county. It was designed by architect Frank Weary in the Second Empire style. The courthouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 1974-10-22.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Carroll County was established in 1833 and carved from Columbiana, Harrison, Jefferson, Stark and Tuscarawas counties. The first courthouse was built in Carrollton in 1834 and was a simple two-story brick building with a cupola topping off the structure. The first courthouse was designed by Peter Herold and James McMullin was contracted as the builder. When McMullin failed to meet expectations and the contract was awarded to John Lacey who also failed to honor his contract. The county wished to finish the construction and in desperation placed the contract with John Rankin. Unfortunately for the county, Rankin too failed to meet the obligations of the contract and George Hampson was selected instead. Hampson remained at this post and saw the courthouse into completion in 1837.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was determined to be too small and a new courthouse was selected from the architect Frank Weary. The design submitted was in the Second Empire style popular for courthouses.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1884-1885, it consists of rough sandstone blocks. The main entrance is reached by stairs and a small portico, with Corinthian columns supporting the balcony above. The first and second floors once were large rectangular panel windows, but have shrunk to conserve power and energy. The third floor windows were once large arched windows but they too have been shrunk.</p><br>
<p>A projecting cornice rises over the roof above the entrance with the name "Carroll" inscribed in white and the year "1885" above it. a large fanlight rests below the nameplate and allows more light to infiltrate the building. On the other sides a gable rises with bracing from projecting Tudor style chimneys. A mansard roof rises to a central tower supporting a dome and four cardinal point clock faces. A small spire rises from the top. A statue of Justice once adorned this point but was taken down during renovations.</p><br>
<p>Writing shortly after the courthouse was completed, Henry Howe noted: "...costing with jail in the rear about $150,000. It is built mainly from Navarre sandstone, with some from Berea. It is just to the left of the old courthouse shown in the old view. The old courthouse was sold on the 11th of June for $196 and the bell for $138."</p><br>
<p>A two-story rear wing was added in 1976 to provide more room for the county jail and an annex for the county officials.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The interior hosts smooth mosaic tiled floors, recently lowered ceilings and ornate steel staircases. The interior hosts four levels, one of which is underground. A renovation updated many features in the courthouse, such as wiring, heating and cooling and several decorative pieces.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is connected to the county jail and court annex located in the back of the complex. The annex was built in 1976 and is a simple red brick structure with no adornment and large rectangular windows. A solid balustrade runs along the building and hides the flat roof.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel McCook House is a historic antebellum house in Carrollton, Ohio, that was home to several of the "Fighting McCooks", who rose to fame during the American Civil War. The patriarch, Daniel McCook Sr., was a major in the Union Army as well as a paymaster, and his sons rose to military prominence during the war.</p><br>
<p>The building is located on the southwest corner of the Carrollton Public Square. It is a perfect example of the popular Federal architecture and was constructed in 1837. The central door is framed by white side windows and a fan window above. A light sandstone arch surmounts the frame. The hipped roof is framed on both sides by two large chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The building became a National Historic Place in 1970, and is now a historic house museum operated by the Carroll County Historical Society. The house is owned by the Ohio History Connection. There several period rooms and exhibits about the McCook family and the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The Greenwich Savings Bank was an American savings bank based in New York City that operated from 1833 to 1981. At the time of its closure in 1981, it was the 16th largest bank in the USA by total deposits.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Greenwich Savings Bank was chartered in 1833 in New York City. At its height, it had branches in New York City, Nassau County and Westchester County, with $2.5 billion in assets.</p><br>
<p>By the time of bank deregulation in 1980, the bank started having big losses. In 1981, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the New York State Banking Department sought buyers for the bank. In October of that year, a participant in a meeting about possible buyers left material on the meeting table. This information was given to The New York Times, which printed the story.</p><br>
<p>In its final three days the bank lost $500 million in deposits out of its total of $1.5 billion due to a run on the bank. At the end of the third day the New York State Banking Department closed the bank, naming the FDIC as receiver. That same day Metropolitan Savings Bank of Brooklyn was named the new owner of the bank accounts. Three years later, the combined bank was renamed Crossland Federal Savings Bank, which failed in 1992 and was seized by the FDIC. Shares in Crossland were offered to the public in 1993; Crossland was acquired by Republic New York in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Headquarters building</h2><br>
<p>In 1922-24, the bank constructed its new headquarters at the intersection of Broadway and West 36th Street in Midtown Manhattan. The steel-reinforced limestone and sandstone building was designed by noted bank architects York and Sawyer in a Classical Revival style with monumental Corinthian columns on three sides of the building, rusticated walls and a Roman-style dome.</p><br>
<p>The interior was embellished with ten-foot-tall brass foyer doors, a board room and executive office with rubbed-oak paneling and soapstone fireplaces, and an elliptical banking room with limestone Corinthian columns, granite walls, a marble floor, a bronze tellers&#39; screen with sculptures of Minerva (symbolizing wisdom) and Mercury (representing commerce), and a coffered, domed ceiling with a 3,000 ft&sup2; stained-glass skylight.</p><br>
<p>Haier America purchased the building in 2000 to be its American corporate headquarters. In 2002, Haier rechristened it The Haier Building.</p><br>
<p>An event management company leases several of the Haier Building&#39;s large historic rooms, which are operated as the venue Gotham Hall. The old main banking room, board room and executive office are rented out as the "Grand Ballroom", "Oak Room", and "Green Room", for corporate events, private parties such as weddings and receptions, and other functions.</p><br>
<p>Both the exterior and the first floor interior of the building were designated New York City landmarks in 1992, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Based on the commercials run on local TV at the end of the 1970s and into the 1980s, the bank was referred to as "The Greenwich Savings Bank", with the pronunciation as "GREENwich", rather than the more commonly pronounced Greenwich Street, which is referred to as grenich.</p><br>
<p>In the 2008 remake of The Day the Earth Stood Still, the coordinates for the "Impact Location" that appears on the big screen (Lat 40.75136, Long -73.98712) falls on the Haier Building. It is unknown if the writers intended to choose this location on purpose. The film Going in Style starring George Burns and Art Carney also used this location in the scene where they robbed a bank.</p><br>
<p>In season 21 of The Amazing Race, Gotham Hall was the first and so far only indoor finish line.</p><br>
<p>Usta or Usteåne is a river located in the municipality of Hol in Buskerud, Norway. It flows from Lake Ustevatn traveling northeast down the valley of Ustedalen to its confluence with Holselva. The ski resort at Geilo is situated just north of the river, about halfway down Ustedalen valley. The valley stretches about 20 km east from Ustevatn and meetings Holsdalføret below Hagafoss.</p><br>
<p>In 1965 almost all the waters of the Usta was diverted due to the construction of Usta Hydroelectric Power Station (Usta kraftverk). The power station uses the fall in the river Usta of 540 m from Ustevatn and Rødungen. The power plant is owned and operated by E-CO Energi. The total average annual production at the plant is 780 GWh. Today the lower river is mostly a dry riverbed.</p><br>
<p>St. Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic church on United States Route 7 in Lanesborough, Massachusetts. It is an early example of a stone Gothic Revival church, and only one of two surviving 19th century Gothic Revival church buildings in Berkshire County. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is today used primarily for occasional summer services.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>St. Lukes is located on the west side of North Main Street (US 7), north of the present village center of Lanesborough. The area where it stands was historically the towns center. The church is a single-story masonry structure, built out of coursed rubble stone. It has a gable roof, with a square tower projecting at the center of the front (east-facing) facade. The base section of the tower is also stone, to a point above the roof ridge, after which it is wooden. The stone section has a surrounding balustrade with wooden spires at the corners, and the wooden stage houses a belfry with paired rectangular openings on each side, topped by lancet-arch panels. The wooden section is also surmounted by a balustrade and wooden spires. The main entrance is at the base of the tower, recessed in a marble lancet-arch opening. Windows are generally lancet-arched, with a quatrefoil window set high on front facade of the tower.</p><br>
<p>The St. Luke&#39;s Episcopalian congregation was established in 1767, and is the oldest Episcopal parish in western Massachusetts. The present church was built in 1836 on land given to the parish in 1785, and is one of two surviving Gothic Revival churches (of four built) in Berkshire County. Its tower was struck by lightning in 1856, and its bell dates to 1891. The eight wooden finial spires were replaced in 1981. At the time of its nomination to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, it retained virtually all of its interior 19th century fixtures, but had not been used as a church in some time, the congregation having relocated to a Shingle-style wood frame church built in the town center in 1898. The building is still maintained by the parish, and is used for occasional summer services.</p><br>
<p>The Church Green is a town common in Taunton, Massachusetts. It is a triangular-shaped parcel of land located at the intersection of Summer Street  and Dean Street . It has distinctive Veterans Memorials dedicated to both Vietnam Veterans and Global War on Terrorism Veterans. These memorials feature seven flags that are in a V shape, a fountain, a brick garden, reflection benches, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and the Global War on Terrorism Memorial.</p><br>
<p>The green was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, as part of a district which includes the First Parish Church, the Old Colony Historical Society, Taunton City Hall, and several historic homes and commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Church Green National Historic District overlaps the local Taunton Historic District, administered by the Taunton Historic District Commission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally known as Meetinghouse Common, Church Green is the site of Taunton&#39;s first town center, and the location of its first meetinghouse (ca. 1647), used for both religious and governmental purposes.</p><br>
<p>On November 13, 2011, The City of Taunton, MA raised new flag poles, seven in total. The flags form a V on the point of Church Green, with the American Flag in the center, each flag pole has the distinctive flag for each branch of the United States Military. The flags were raised as phase 1 of the Taunton Global War on Terrorism Memorial. On June 10, 2012, The City of Taunton dedicated the Taunton Global War on Terrorism Memorial on Church Green.</p><br>
<h2>Properties</h2><br>
<p>Non-residential</p><br>
<p>First Parish Church (1830)</p><br>
<p>Taunton City Hall (1848 & 1896)</p><br>
<p>Morton Block (c.1840)</p><br>
<p>Old Colony Historical Society/Bristol Academy (1852)</p><br>
<p>Leonard Block (1870)</p><br>
<p>Winthrop Club (c.1900)</p><br>
<p>Robert Treat Paine Statue (1904)</p><br>
<p>Vietnam Memorial Fountain (1968)</p><br>
<p>Global War on Terrorism Memorial (2012)</p><br>
<p>Residential</p><br>
<p>Anselm Bassett House (1825)</p><br>
<p>Carleton Brabrook House (c.1873)</p><br>
<p>George Crocker House (1858)</p><br>
<p>Barney Deane House (c.1829)</p><br>
<p>Charles Foster House (c.1845)</p><br>
<p>Charles T. Hubbard House (1884)</p><br>
<p>Charles T. Newbury House (1905)</p><br>
<p>Maurice Mason House (c.1902)</p><br>
<p>Abner Pitts House (1836)</p><br>
<p>Frank Smeardon House (1919)</p><br>
<p>Richard Warner House (1919)</p><br>
<p>Alfred B. Williams House (1899)</p><br>
<p>Non-contributing property</p><br>
<p>31 Church Green (1970), modern apartment building</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church is an historic Baptist church building at 30 Park Street in Methuen, Massachusetts. Built in 1869 for a congregation established in 1815, it is one of the town&#39;s finest examples of Carpenter Gothic architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church stands a short way south of Methuens central business district, at the northeast corner of Park Road and Lawrence Street. It is a tall 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gable roof oriented facing Lawrence Street. The exterior is finished in wooden clapboards, and the roof has deep eaves adorned with jigsawn brackets. A square tower rises from the left side, through three stages to a roof and open belfry. The roof sections below the belfry have small steeply pitched triangular dormers, and the belfry openings are in the shape of Gothic arches, matching that of most of the buildings windows. On the main facade, a central entry section projects, with a double-leaf entry set in a pointed-arch opening, with a three-part Gothic-arched window above.</p><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church was formed on March 1, 1815 with thirteen members and services were held in the Daniel Frye house and in an old meeting house which was enlarged twice. In 1840 they built a church on this site which burned in 1869. The present church was built in 1869 and dedicated in January 1870. The bell, which was cast in Baltimore and weighed 1600 lb was installed in 1878. The steeple was removed in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The First Religious Society Church and Parish Hall is a historic church building at 26 Pleasant Street in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Originally a Reformed congregation, the congregation is currently affiliated with the Unitarian Universalist denomination. The current Minister is Reverend Susan Milnor. The church&#39;s steeple is currently the tallest point in downtown Newburyport, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The church building was constructed in 1801 by the First Religious Society, which was founded in 1726. It has been suggested that noted Salem builder Samuel McIntire designed the building.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and included in the Newburyport Historic District in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Huron County Courthouse and Jail is located by a busy downtown intersection in Norwalk, Ohio, United States. The ground floor is composed of rusticated blocks and recessed arched windows. The entrance is reached by a flight of stairs and a protruding portico. Two small windows frame either side of the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The countys first courthouse and jail were completed in 1819, occupying the site of the present buildings; two later courthouses and one later jail were constructed on the same site before giving way to its present occupants. Both buildings are masonry, the courthouse being a stone Neo-Renaissance structure, and the sheriffs-residence-and-jail being a brick Queen Anne building. A central tower distinguishes the courthouse from the surrounding commercial district, while smaller architectural features include columns in the form known as distyle in antis. Typical of its style, the jail lacks a uniform shape, its roof reflecting the asymmetrical floor plan. Pilasters divide the facade of the courthouse into five bays, and the side into ten, while a prominent belt course divides the first and second stories. A large clock is set into the tower, with a pillared cupola set above. Behind the courthouse, the jail is distinguished by the steep conical roof covering its two-story tower; while the base of the roof sits at the same level as the middle of the courthouse&#39;s second-story windows, the conical roof rises well above the courthouse roof.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the courthouse and jail were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, one of six National Register-listed locations in the city of Norwalk and one of seventeen countywide.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Charles Town Historic District comprises the commercial center of Charles Town, West Virginia. The district centers on Washington Street and includes the Jefferson County Courthouse and the New Opera House, themselves on the National Register of Historic Places. Other structures include the Market House, the Independent Fire Company building and the Post Office. A few very early buildings are included, such as the Sheetz House, dating to 1797.</p><br>
<p>The town is significant as the scene of the trial of John Brown and as a contested town during the American Civil War. Charles Town is closely associated with the Washington family, as it was laid out by George Washington&#39;s brother Charles Washington.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, there was fighting in the town itself on several occasions. In 1864, General Philip Sheridan used the Rutherford House at 417 East Washington Street as a headquarters for the Valley Campaign, meeting General Ulysses S. Grant there.</p><br>
<p>St. Nicholas Orthodox Church and Rectory is a historic church at 64-66 Forrester Street in Salem, Massachusetts. The church was built in 1908 for a congregation of immigrants from Galicia in Eastern Europe  that had been established in 1901. The wood frame building was designed by local architect William Devereaux Dennis. Its main facade is finished with flushboard siding, while the other elevations are sheathed in clapboards. The center of main facade is dominated by a tower that is initially square, but is topped by an octagonal belfry section and an onion dome with a cross-shaped spire. The facade is flanked by small square towers topped by onion domes. Behind the church stands a Colonial Revival rectory building that was built several years after the church.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Peabody Institute Library is the public library serving Peabody, Massachusetts. It was established in 1854 by a bequest from philanthropist and Peabody native George Peabody, and now has its main facility at 82 Main Street, with branches at 78 Lynn Street and 603 Lowell Street. The main library is housed in a two story brick built in 1853 which is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The library is claimed to be the oldest public library in the United States to operate continuously from the same location.</p><br>
<h2>Main branch</h2><br>
<p>The main Peabody Institute Library is located in Peabody&#39;s downtown, on the north side of Main Street. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of red brick and brownstone trim and set on a high granite foundation. It is covered by a gabled roof, with extended eaves studded with Italianate brackets, and a round louvered opening at the center of the gable. The ground floor level has brownstone quoining, rising to a shallow cornice that extends across the facade even with the portico sheltering the main entrance. The entrance portico has Ionic columns supporting an entablature and balustrade. Flanking it are round-arch windows with bracketed brownstone sills and lintels. The second level has three taller windows with similar surrounds, with interior round-arch windows topped by circular pane.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s construction was funded by a gift of $200,000 from George Peabody, and it was formally dedicated in 1854. The first librarian was Fitch Poole, a noted writer and humorist of the period.</p><br>
